13 12
µo·s¸ÜÃD
¥´¦L

[¤¤°ê¤å¾Ç] ¡§«C¡¨¨ì©³¬O¤°»òÃC¦â

¤¦¬â¡] ¤@ºØ¬õ¦âÄqª«¡A¤S¦W¡y¦¶¬â¡z)

«Cªººc§Î¥Ñ¥Ò¤åªº±q¥Í¤«Án¡]¡@¶°¦¨ 9898(§d¤èÂU»\)¡^ºt¤Æ¦Üª÷¡B½fªº±q¥Í¤¦¡A½Ñ®aÁö¹ï³¡¥ó§Î¡B¸q¸àÄÀ¤£¤@¡A¦ý§¡¥HÃC¦âµü¬°¥»¸q¡CµM«CªºÃC¦â¸q½dÃ¥¸û¦h¡A¨ä©Ò²[¥D­n®Ö¤ß¸q¯À¦³¡G«C 1 [+ÃC¦â]¡þ[+ºñ¦â] [+¯ó¤ì] [+´¿«C]¡F«C 2 [+ÃC¦â]¡þ[+ÂŦâ] [+¤Ñ¦â]¡F«C 3 [+ÃC¦â]¡þ[+¶Â¦â] [+¤Ñ¦â]¡C

©Ò¿×®Ö¤ßµü¡A´N¬Oµü·J¨t²Îªº®Ö¤ß³¡¤À¡C¦ý¹ï¨ä©Ê½è¡B½d³ò¡B¼Ð·Çµ¥®Ú¥»°ÝÃDªº»{ÃÑ¡A¤Àª[»á¤j¡C¥D­nÄpµ²¦b©ó§â®Ö¤ßµüµ´¹ï¤Æ¤F¡A©¿µø¤F¨ä¬Û¹ï©Ê©M¦h¼Ë©Ê¡C¨ä¹ê¡A®Ö¤ßµü¦³¤£¦Pªº¼h¦¸©MÃþ«¬¡C±q»y¨¥°ò¦¨Ó¬Ý¡A¦³³æ»y®Ö¤ßµü¡B¦h»y®Ö¤ßµü©M¥þ»y®Ö¤ßµü¡F±q¦s¦bª¬ºA¬Ý¡A¦³»y¨¥®Ö¤ßµü©M»y¥Î®Ö¤ßµü¡F±q®É¶¡ºû«×¬Ý¡A¦³¦@®É®Ö¤ßµü©M¾ú®É®Ö¤ßµü¡F±q»y°ì¬Ý¡A¦³³q»y®Ö¤ßµü©M¤è¨¥®Ö¤ßµü¡F±qµü·J¦a¦ì¬Ý¡A¦³¶b¤ß®Ö¤ßµü©MÃä½t®Ö¤ßµüµ¥¡C³o¨Ç¤£¦PÃþ«¬ªº®Ö¤ßµü¬J¬ÛÁpô¡A¤S¬Û°Ï§O¡C

1952 ¬ü°ê»y¨¥¾Ç®a´µ¥Ë­}¤h¡]Morris Swadesh¡^´£¥X¤F 200 ­Ó®Ö¤ßµü¨Ó²Î­p½T©w»y¨¥¤À¤Æªº¦~¥N¡A¥L±q²Î­p¾Çªº¨¤«×¥Î¤ÀªR¤£¦Pªº»y¨¥¡]¥H¦L¼Ú»y¨t»y¨¥¬°¥D¡^¡A±q¦Ó±o¥X¤@­Ó¬ù²ö¦³ 200 ¦rªº®Ö¤ßµü¦Cªí¡C¥L»{¬°¡A°ò¥»¤W©Ò¦³»y¨¥ªºµü·J³£À³¸Ó¥]§t³o¤G¦Ê¦h­Óµü»y¡F¦Ó¥t¤@¤è­±¡A¥u­n»{Ãѳo¤G¦Ê¦h­Óµü»y¡A¥ç¥i¥H§Q¥Î¸ÓºØ»y¨¥§@³Ì°ò¥»ªº·¾³q¡C«á¨Ó¥L¤S±q³o 200 ­Ó®Ö¤ßµü¤¤¿z¿ï¥X 100 ­Ó¤HÃþ»y¨¥³Ìí©wªº®Ö¤ßµü¡C¾Ç¬É§â¥L«á¨Ó¿z¿ï¥Xªº 100 ­ÓµüºÙ¬°¤@¶¥®Ö¤ßµü¡A³Ñ¾l100 ­ÓµüªºÂk¤J¤G¶¥®Ö¤ßµü¡C¹ïÀ³©ó¦è¤è»y¨¥ªº®Ö¤ßµü¡A¦p¦ó¿ï¨úº~»yªº®Ö¤ßµü¡A¥H«Ø¥ß¤@­Óº~»y³q¥Îµüªí¡A¾ÇªÌ¦U¦³¨£ªº¡A¬Ýªk¤£¤@¡C¦p¦b¦¬µü­ì«h¤W¡A¤ý¤O¥ý¥Í¥H¬°¡G¡u°ò¥»µü·J¡A¥]¬A¡u¦Wµü¡v¡u°Êµü¡v¡u§Î®eµü¡v¸Ìªº¤@³¡¤Àµü©M¡u¥Nµü¡v¡u¼Æµü¡v¡uÁpµ²µü¡v9¡C¨Lºû½÷¥ý¥Í«h¦³¤T±ø¼Ð·Ç¡G¡u³Ì¥D­nªº¬O§Ú­Ì©Ò»¡ªº±`¥Îµü¡A¥D­n¬O«ü¨º¨Ç¦Û¥j¥H¨Ó¦b¤H­Ìªº¤é±`¥Í¬¡¤¤³£¸g±`·|¥Î¨ìªº¡u¸ò¤HÃþ¬¡°ÊÃö«Y±K¤Áªºµü¡v¡A¨ä®Ö¤ß´N¬O°ò¥»µü¡C¡v

¥Ø«eº~»y¬ã¨s¾ÇªÌ®Ú¾Úº~»y¤Îº~Âûy¤ñ¸û¡A¨î­q¤F¦h¥÷®Ö¤ßµüªí¡C¦p¾G±i©|ªÚ¥ý¥Í 1995 ¦~¦b°Q½×Ãã·J¤ñ¸û¡AÀÀ©w¤F¡m­ì©lµØ¿D»y¤T¦Ê®Ö¤ßµü
¡n¡]¼x¨D·N¨£½Z¡^¡A¨ä¤¤¥]¬A 100 ­Ó³Ì®Ö¤ßªºµü¡C¶À¥¬¤Z¥ý¥Í 1997 ¦~´£¥X¤FÂýq»y 300®Ö¤ßµüµüªí¡A«á¼W¥[¨ì 360 ­Ó¡]¶À¥¬¤Z¡m¦P·½¤ñ¸ûµüªíªº¿ïµü½d³ò©M¼Ð·Ç¡n¡^¡C¦¿²ý¥ý¥Í¤]´£¥X¤F¤@­Óµüªí¡]¦¿²ý¡m½×º~Âûy¨¥¾ú¥v¤ñ¸ûµüªíªº½T©w¡n¡^¡C°ò©ó«e½ú¾ÇªÌªº¬ã¨s©Ò±o¡A¹ï©óº~»y®Ö¤ßµü¤j­P¥i±o¨ì¥H¤U¸q¬É¡G ©Ò¿×®Ö¤ßµü¡A´N¬Oµü·J¨t²Îªº®Ö¤ß³¡¤À¡C¦ý¹ï¨ä©Ê½è¡B½d³ò¡B¼Ð·Çµ¥®Ú¥»°ÝÃDªº»{ÃÑ¡A¤Àª[»á¤j¡C¥D­nÄpµ²¦b©ó§â®Ö¤ßµüµ´¹ï¤Æ¤F¡A©¿µø¤F¨ä¬Û¹ï©Ê©M¦h¼Ë©Ê¡C¨ä¹ê¡A®Ö¤ßµü¦³¤£¦Pªº¼h¦¸©MÃþ«¬¡C±q»y¨¥°ò¦¨Ó¬Ý¡A¦³³æ»y®Ö¤ßµü¡B¦h»y®Ö¤ßµü©M¥þ»y®Ö¤ßµü
¡F±q¦s¦bª¬ºA¬Ý¡A¦³»y¨¥®Ö¤ßµü©M»y¥Î®Ö¤ßµü¡F±q®É¶¡ºû«×¬Ý¡A¦³¦@®É®Ö¤ßµü©M¾ú®É®Ö¤ßµü¡F±q»y°ì¬Ý¡A¦³³q´µ¥Ë­}¤h®Ö¤ßµü¦Cªí(Swadesh list)¡A¬ü°ê»y¨¥¾Ç®a´µ¥Ë­}¤h¡]Morris Swadesh¡^´£¥Xªº¤HÃþ 200 ­Ó®Ö¤ßµü¡C

©Ò¿×®Ö¤ßµü¡A´N¬Oµü·J¨t²Îªº®Ö¤ß³¡¤À¡C¦ý¹ï¨ä©Ê½è¡B½d³ò¡B¼Ð·Çµ¥®Ú¥»°ÝÃDªº»{ÃÑ¡A¤Àª[»á¤j¡C¥D­nÄpµ²¦b©ó§â®Ö¤ßµüµ´¹ï¤Æ¤F¡A©¿µø¤F¨ä¬Û¹ï©Ê©M¦h¼Ë©Ê¡C¨ä¹ê¡A®Ö¤ßµü¦³¤£¦Pªº¼h¦¸©MÃþ«¬¡C±q»y¨¥°ò¦¨Ó¬Ý¡A¦³³æ»y®Ö¤ßµü¡B¦h»y®Ö¤ßµü©M¥þ»y®Ö¤ßµü¡F±q¦s¦bª¬ºA¬Ý¡A¦³»y¨¥®Ö¤ßµü©M»y¥Î®Ö¤ßµü¡F±q®É¶¡ºû«×¬Ý¡A¦³¦@®É®Ö¤ßµü©M¾ú®É®Ö¤ßµü¡F±q»y°ì¬Ý¡A¦³³q»y®Ö¤ßµü©M¤è¨¥®Ö¤ßµü¡F±qµü·J¦a¦ì¬Ý¡A¦³¶b¤ß®Ö¤ßµü©MÃä½t®Ö¤ßµüµ¥¡C³o¨Ç¤£¦PÃþ«¬ªº®Ö¤ßµü¬J¬ÛÁpô¡A¤S¬Û°Ï§O¡C

¡]¢°¡^±`¥Î«×°ª¡C§Y¸g±`³Q¤£¦Pªº¤H©Ò¨Ï¥Î¡C¡]¢±¡^¤À¥¬­±¼s¡C¥i¦b¤£¦P»yÅé¡B¤£¦PÃD§÷¡B¤£¦P¤åÅ餤¨Ï¥Î¡C¡]¢²¡^í©w©ÊüL¡C§Y¦b¤@©w®É´Á¤º¨Ï¥Îí©w¡A¦Ó«D¾èªá¤@²{¡C¡]¢³¡^¬y³q°ì¼e¡C³q¦æ©ó¦P¤@»y¨¥¶°¹Îªº¤£¦P¦a°ì¡B¤£¦P¤H¸s¤¤¡C¡]¢´¡^²Õ¦X¤OüL¡C¯à¸û¦Û¥Ñ¦a»P¨ä¥Lµü»y¶i¦æ¸û¼sªxªº²Õ¦X¡C¤]´N¬O»¡¡A´N¡uº~»y®Ö¤ßµü¡vªº·N²[¦Ó¨¥¡A¤@¬O«ü¦P®É«ü¸ó¶V®ÉªÅ¡A¬°º~»yµü·J¨t²Î¤¤¾ú®Éªº¦@¦P»y»P¦a°ì¤è¨¥©Ò­Ý¨ãªº®Ö¤ßµü·J¡C¥t¥~¤]¥i¶È«üº~»y¦@®Éªº®Ö¤ßµü¡A§Y±q¤£¦PÂ_¥N¿z¿ï¸Ó®Éªº®Ö¤ßµü¡C¦p­«­nÃã®Ñ¡mº¸¶®¡n¤¤ªº¡qÄÀµþ¡r¡qÄÀ¨¥¡r½g¤¤©Ò¦¬¿ýªºµü»y§Y¤j¦hÄݤW¥jº~»y®Ö¤ßµü¡F¦Ó·í¥N¾ÇªÌ¦p¾GªLÄfµ¥©Ò½s¡m´¶³q¸Ü¤T¤d±`¥Îµüªí¡n¡]1959 ¦~¡^¡A¦ó§J§Üµ¥¥D½sªº¡m²{¥Nº~»y¤T¤d±`¥Îµüªí¡n¡]1987¦~¡^µ¥«h¬O²{¥Nº~»y¤¤ªº­«­nµü·J¡A¤]¨ã¦³®Ö¤ßµüªº©Ê½è¡C12¥Ø«e¾Ç¬É¹ï©óº~»y®Ö¤ßµüªº¬ã¨s¤j¦h¬O¦@¦P¬ã¨sÃþ«¬¡C¦Ü©ó®Ö¤ßµü¥Ø¡A¥Ñ©ó¥Ø«e¾Ç³N¬É©|¥¼¦³¦@ÃÑ¡A¥»¤å«h°Ñ·Ó M¡DSwadesh¡u¤@¦Êµü­×­qªí¡v¬°¥D¡A¨Ã°Ñ·Ó¬ÛÃö¬ã¨s©Ò±o¬°¿ïµü¼Ð·Ç¡C

³\·V»{爲¡u«C¡v¬°±q¥Í¤¦ªº·|·N¦r¡A¥H¤­¦æªF¤èÄÀ¨äÃC¦â¸q¨Ó·½¡C¦¶Â@Án«h»{爲¡F¡u «C¦r·í±q¥Í¤«Án¡A±q¥ÍµS±q¤ì¡A¯ó¤ì©l¥Í, ¨ä¦â¦P«C, ¬G±q¥Í, ¤¦ªÌ¤«¤§ÅÜ, «D¤¦¤]¡v¡CªL¸q¥ú¤Þ¥Î¡mÄÀ¦W¡n¡G¡u靑¡A¥Í¤]¡C¶Hª«¤§¥Í®É¦â¤]¡C¡v¥D±i¡u«C¡v¥»¸q¬O«ü¯ó¤ì¥Íªø¤§«C¦â¡C°¨üÅ­Û«h»{¬°¤¦¬O¥Û¦W¡A¡u«C¡v¥»¸q¬O¥Û¤§«C¦â¡C¾|¹ê¥ý¥ý¥Í¤]Æg¦P¦¶¤óÄÀ§Î¡A¦ý¥D±i«C¦â¨Ó·½«D¯ó¤ì¸q¡A¦Ó¬O¨äªí¡u¥i¨Ñ§@øµeÃC®ÆªºÄqª«¡v¢w¡u´¿«C¡v¥Ñ¦a¤U«õ¥X¡C

ºî¤W©Ò­z¡A¡u«C¡v¤§®Ö¤ß¸q¸¹§Y¬°ÃC¦â¸q¡AµM©ó¨äÃC¦â¤S²[¬A¤F¤TÃþ¤À§O¬O¡G

(1) ºñ¦â¡C­ð¡D¼B¬ê¿ü¡q­®«Ç»Ê¡r¡G¡u¯ó¦â¤Jî«C¡C¡v¡m©t¥»¤¸©úÂø¼@¡D±ç¤s¤­ªê¤j§T¨c¡D²Ä¥|§é¡n¡G¡u¸Õ¬Ý³o¬hºñ®ç¬õ¡A¨Î¤Hùºö¡A§ó©M³oµµ­¯¬õ¹Ð¡A«C¤sºñ¤ô¡AÄ_°¨­»¨®¡C¡v(2) ÂŦâ¡C¡m®Ê®Ñ¡D¨÷¥|¤T¡D¦C¶Ç¡D¼Ö¼s¡n¡G¡u­Y©Ü¶³Ãú¦Ó¸@«C¤Ñ¤]¡C¡v²M¡D¦¶Ú|¡m³³»¡¡D¨÷¤G¡n¡G¡u«á©P®ã½`¡A®ã¥@©v®É¿NªÌ¡A¬G¤ê¡G¡y®ã½`¡C¬Û¶Ç·í¤é½Ð²¡¾¹¦¡¡A¥@©v§å¨äª¬¤ê¡G¡y¡G¡y«B¹L¤Ñ«C¶³¯}³B¡AªÌ¯ëÃC¦â§@±N¨Ó¡C¡z¡v(3) ¶Â¦â¡C¡m®Ê®Ñ¡D¨÷¥|¤E¡D¦C¶Ç¡D¨¿Äy¡n¡G¡uÄy¤S¯à¬°«C¥Õ²´¡A¨£Â§«U¤§¤h¡A¥H¥Õ²´¹ï¤§¡C¤Î´R³ß¨Ó¤Ý¡AÄy§@¥Õ²´¡A³ß¤£é}¦Ó°h¡C³ß§Ì±d»D¤§¡A¤DöÒ°s®µµ^³y²j¡AÄy¤j®®¡A¤D¨£«C²´¡C¡v­ð¡D§õ¥Õ¡q±N¶i°s¡r¸Ö¡G¡u§g¤£¨£°ª°ó©úÃè´d¥Õ¾v¡A´Â¦p«Cµ·¼Ç¦¨³·¡C¡v¨ä©Ò²[¥D­n®Ö¤ß¸q¯À¦³¡G«C 1 [+ÃC¦â]¡þ[+ºñ¦â] [+¯ó¤ì] [+´¿«C]«C 2 [+ÃC¦â]¡þ[+ÂŦâ] [+¤Ñ¦â]«C 3 [+ÃC¦â]¡þ[+¶Â¦â] [+¤Ñ¦â]

ªþµù¡G
1952 ¦~¡A´µ¥Ë­}¤h´£¥X¤F 200 ­Ó®Ö¤ßµü¨Ó²Î­p½T©w»y¨¥¤À¤Æªº¦~¥N¡A¥L±q²Î­p¾Çªº¨¤«×¥Î¤ÀªR¤£¦Pªº»y¨¥¡]¥H¦L¼Ú»y¨t»y¨¥¬°¥D¡^¡A±q¦Ó±o¥X¤@­Ó¬ù²ö¦³ 200 ¦rªº®Ö¤ßµü¦Cªí¡C¥L»{¬°¡A°ò¥»¤W©Ò¦³»y¨¥ªºµü·J³£À³¸Ó¥]§t³o¤G¦Ê¦h­Óµü»y¡F¦Ó¥t¤@¤è­±¡A¥u­n»{Ãѳo¤G¦Ê¦h­Óµü»y¡A¥ç¥i¥H§Q¥Î¸ÓºØ»y¨¥§@³Ì°ò¥»ªº·¾³q¡C«á¨Ó¥L¤S±q³o 200 ­Ó®Ö¤ßµü¤¤¿z¿ï¥X 100 ­Ó¤HÃþ»y¨¥³Ìí©wªº®Ö¤ßµü¡C¾Ç¬É§â¥L«á¨Ó¿z¿ï¥Xªº 100 ­ÓµüºÙ¬°¤@¶¥®Ö¤ßµü¡A³Ñ¾l 100 ­ÓµüªºÂk¤J¤G¶¥®Ö¤ßµü¡C°Ñ¨£ Swadesh, Morris. (1955). Towards greater accuracy in lexicostatistic dating.International Journal of American Linguistics, 21, 121-137.Swadesh, Morris (1972). What isglottochronology? In M. Swadesh, The origin and diversification of languages (­¶. 271¡V284). 9 ¤ý¤O¡G¡mº~»y¥v½Z¡n¡]¥_¨Ê¡G¤¤µØ®Ñ§½¡A2002 ¦~¡^¡A­¶ 484¡C10 ¨Lºû½÷¡G¡mªFº~¡D¶¦±`¥ÎµüºtÅܬã¨s¡n¡]«n¨Ê¡G«n¨Ê¤j¾Ç¥Xª©ªÀ¡A2000¡^¡A­¶ 11¡C 305

TOP

¼F®`¤F°Ú,§ÚÁÙ¤@ª½¥H¬°«C´N¬OÂŦâ©O.ÁÙ¯uªº¬O¾ÇµL¤îºÉ.

TOP

¦¬ÂäF
­ì¨Ó«C¥i¥H¬O¨º­Ó¦hÃC¦âÁÙ¦³¨º­Ó¦h¥Îªkªü
ªø¨£ÃѤF·P®¦
¦Y¦Y¦Y¦Y¦Y§Ú¦n¾j
¥V¤Ñ¨ì¤F¥[¤W¸£³U¹B§@®ø¯Ó¤Ó¦h¼ö¶q
§Ú»Ý­n¸É¥R!!

TOP

 13 12
µo·s¸ÜÃD

·í«e®É°Ï GMT+8, ²{¦b®É¶¡¬O 2024-3-29 16:00

Powered by Discuz! 6.0.0Licensed © 2001-2014 Comsenz Inc.
­¶­±°õ¦æ®É¶¡ 0.094378 ¬í, ¼Æ¾Ú®w¬d¸ß 7 ¦¸, Gzip ±Ò¥Î
²M°£ Cookies - Ápô§Ú­Ì - ¡¸©]ªµ½×¾Â¡Ñ¡± - Archiver - WAP
½×¾ÂÁn©ú
¥»¯¸´£¨Ñºô¤W¦Û¥Ñ°Q½×¤§¥Î¡A©Ò¦³­Ó¤H¨¥½×¨Ã¤£¥Nªí¥»¯¸¥ß³õ¡A¨Ã»P¥»¯¸µLÃö¡A¥»¯¸¤£·|¹ï¨ä¤º®e­t¤W¥ô¦ó³d¥ô¡C
°²­Y¤º®e¦³¯A¤Î«IÅv¡A½Ð¥ß§YÁpµ¸§Ú­Ì¡A§Ú­Ì±N¥ß¨è±qºô¯¸¤W§R°£¡A¨Ã¦V©Ò¦³«ùª©ÅvªÌ­P³Ì²`¤Áªººp·N¡C